Cervical Dystonia

Botulinum Toxins and Cervical Dystonia Bibliography

1: Adler CH, Kumar R. Pharmacological and surgical options for the treatment of cervical dystonia. Neurology. 2000;55(12 Suppl 5):S9-14.

2: Albani G, Bulgheroni MV, Mancini F, Mauro A, Fundaro C, Pacchetti C, Sandrini G, Nappi G. The position of the head in space: a kinematic analysis in patients with cervical dystonia treated with botulinum toxin. Funct Neurol. 2001 Apr-Jun;16(2):135-41.

3: Andrade LA, Borges V, Ferraz HB, Azevedo-Silva SM. [Botulinum toxin A: experience in the treatment of 115 patients] Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 1997 Sep;55(3B):553-7. Portuguese.

4: Ansved T, Odergren T, Borg K. Muscle fiber atrophy in leg muscles after botulinum toxin type A treatment of cervical dystonia. Neurology. 1997 May;48(5):1440-2. 9153487

5: Baumann L, Slezinger A, Vujevich J, Halem M, Bryde J, Black L, Duncan R. A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study of the safety andefficacy of Myobloc (botulinum toxin type B)-purified neurotoxin complex for the treatment of crow's feet: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Dermatol Surg. 2003 May;29(5):508-15. 12752519

6: Baumann L, Black L. Botulinum toxin type B (Myobloc). Dermatol Surg. 2003 May;29(5):496-500; discussion 500. Review.

7: Ben-Shlomo Y, Camfield L, Warner T; ESDE collaborative group. What are the determinants of quality of life in people with cervical dystonia? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002 May;72(5):608-14.

8: Bhatia KP, Munchau A, Thompson PD, Houser M, Chauhan VS, Hutchinson M,Shapira AH, Marsden CD. Generalised muscular weakness after botulinum toxin injections for dystonia: a report of three cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999 Jul;67(1):90-3.

9: Bhaumik S, Behari M. Botulinum toxin A--injection for cervical dystonia. J Assoc Physicians India. 1999 Mar;47(3):267-70.

10: Birklein F, Walther D, Bigalke H, Winterholler M, Erbguth F. Sudomotor testing predicts the presence of neutralizing botulinum A toxin antibodies. Ann Neurol. 2002 Jul;52(1):68-73.

11: Birklein F, Erbguth F. Sudomotor testing discriminates between subjects with and without antibodies against botulinum toxin A--a preliminary observation. Mov Disord. 2000 Jan;15(1):146-9.

12: Birner P, Schnider P, Muller J, Wissel J, Fuchs I, Auff E. [Torticollis spasmodicus, blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. Subjective evaluation of therapy by patients] Nervenarzt. 1999 Oct;70(10):903-8. German.

13: Bogucki A. Botulinum toxin injections under electromyographic guidance] Neurol Neurochir Pol. 1998;32 Suppl 1:85-93.

14: Borgmann R. Treatment of spasmotic torticollis with botulinum toxin A. A 5-year experience] Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1997 May 20;117(13):1889-91.

15: Brans JW, Aramideh M, Koelman JH, Lindeboom R, Speelman JD, Ongerboer de Visser BW. Electromyography in cervical dystonia: changes after botulinum and trihexyphenidyl. Neurology. 1998 Sep;51(3):815-9.

16: Brans JW, Lindeboom R, Aramideh M, Speelman JD. Long-term effect of botulinum toxin on impairment and functional health in cervical dystonia. Neurology. 1998 May;50(5):1461-3.

17: Brashear A. Botulinum toxin type B: a new injectable treatment for cervical dystonia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2001 Dec;10(12):2191-9.

18: Brashear A. The botulinum toxins in the treatment of cervical dystonia. Semin Neurol. 2001;21(1):85-90.

19: Brashear A, Watts MW, Marchetti A, Magar R, Lau H, Wang L. Duration of effect of botulinum toxin type A in adult patients with cervical dystonia: a retrospective chart review. Clin Ther. 2000 Dec;22(12):1516-24.

20: Brashear A, Bergan K, Wojcieszek J, Siemers ER, Ambrosius W. Patients' perception of stopping or continuing treatment of cervical dystonia with botulinum toxin type A. Mov Disord. 2000 Jan;15(1):150-3.

21: Brashear A, Lew MF, Dykstra DD, Comella CL, Factor SA, Rodnitzky RL, Trosch R, Singer C, Brin MF, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M. Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-responsive cervical dystonia. Neurology. 1999 Oct 2;53(7):1439-46.

22: Brashear A, Ambrosius WT, Eckert GJ, Siemers ER. Comparison of treatment of tardive dystonia and idiopathic cervical dystonia with botulinum toxin type A. Mov Disord. 1998 Jan;13(1):158-61.

23: Braun V, Richter HP. Selective peripheral denervation for spasmodic torticollis: 13-year experience with 155 patients. J Neurosurg. 2002 Sep;97(2 Suppl):207-12.

24: Bravo M, Chacon J, Bautista E, Perez-Camacho I, Trujillo A, Grande MA. [Sotos syndrome associated with focal dystonia] Rev Neurol. 1999 May 16-31;28(10):971-2. Spanish.

25: Brefel-Courbon C, Simonetta-Moreau M, More C, Rascol O, Clanet M, Montastruc JL, Lapeyre-Mestre M. A pharmacoeconomic evaluation of botulinum toxin in the treatment of spasmodic torticollis. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2000 Jul-Aug;23(4):203-7.

26: Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M. Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia. Neurology. 1999 Oct 22;53(7):1431-8.

27: Brin MF, Benabou R. Cervical Dystonia (Torticollis). Curr Treat Options Neurol. 1999 Mar;1(1):33-43.

28: Burguera JA, Villaroya T, Lopez-Alemany M. Polyradiculoneuritis after botulinum toxin therapy for cervical dystonia. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2000 Jul-Aug;23(4):226-8.

29: Cardoso F. Botulinum toxin type B in the management of dystonia non-responsive to botulinum toxin type A] Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2003 Sep;61(3A):607-10. Epub 2003 Sep 16. Portuguese.

30: Carruthers A, Carruthers J. Update on the botulinum neurotoxins. Skin Therapy Lett. 2001 Dec;6(13):1-2.

31: Carruthers A. Update on Botulinum Toxin. Skin Therapy Lett. 1999;4(5):1-2.

32: Castelon Konkiewitz E, Trender-Gerhard I, Kamm C, Warner T, Ben-Shlomo Y,Gasser T, Conrad B, Ceballos-Baumann AO. Service-based survey of dystonia in munich. Neuroepidemiology. 2002 Jul-Aug;21(4):202-6.

33: Ceballos-Baumann AO. Evidence-based medicine in botulinum toxin therapy for cervical dystonia. J Neurol. 2001 Apr;248 Suppl 1:14-20. Review.

34: Chawda SJ, Munchau A, Johnson D, Bhatia K, Quinn NP, Stevens J, Lees AJ, Palmer JD. Pattern of premature degenerative changes of the cervical spine in patients with spasmodic torticollis and the impact on the outcome of selective peripheral denervation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000 Apr;68(4):465-71.

35: Chen R, Karp BI, Hallett M. Botulinum toxin type F for treatment of dystonia: long-term experience. Neurology. 1998 Nov;51(5):1494-6.

36: Cohen-Gadol AA, Ahlskog JE, Matsumoto JY, Swenson MA, McClelland RL, Davis DH. Selective peripheral denervation for the treatment of intractable spasmodic torticollis: experience with 168 patients at the Mayo Clinic. J Neurosurg. 2003 Jun;98(6):1247-54.

37: Comella CL, Jankovic J, Brin MF. Use of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of cervical dystonia. Neurology. 2000;55(12 Suppl 5):S15-21. Review. 11188979

38: Comella CL, Shannon KM, Jaglin J. Extensor truncal dystonia: successful treatment with botulinum toxin injections. Mov Disord. 1998 May;13(3):552-5. 9613753

39: Cullis PA, O'Brien CF, Truong DD, Koller M, Villegas TP, Wallace JD. Botulinum toxin type B: an open-label, dose-escalation, safety and preliminary efficacy study in cervical dystonia patients. Adv Neurol. 1998;78:227-30. No abstract available. 9750919

40: Dauer WT, Burke RE, Greene P, Fahn S. Current concepts on the clinical features, aetiology and management of idiopathic cervical dystonia. Brain. 1998 Apr;121 ( Pt 4):547-60. Review. 9577384

41: Difazio M, Jabbari B. A focused review of the use of botulinum toxins for low back pain. Clin J Pain. 2002 Nov-Dec;18(6 Suppl):S155-62. Review. 12569963

42: Dodel RC, Kirchner A, Koehne-Volland R, Kunig G, Ceballos-Baumann A, Naumann M, Brashear A, Richter HP, Szucs TD, Oertel WH. Costs of treating dystonias and hemifacial spasm with botulinum toxin A. Pharmacoeconomics. 1997 Dec;12(6):695-706. 10175981

43: Dodick DW. Botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of migraine and other primary headache disorders: from bench to bedside. Headache. 2003 Jul-Aug;43 Suppl 1:S25-33. 12887391 [PubMed - in process]

44: Domzal TM, Tutaj A. [Electromyography monitoring in the treatment of torticollis with botulinum toxin] Pol Merkuriusz Lek. 2000 Jul;8(49):474-5. Polish. 11070717

45: Domzal TM. [Spasmodic torticollis: experience of 5 years with botulinum toxin treatment] Neurol Neurochir Pol. 1999 Mar-Apr;33(2):351-7. Polish. 10463249

46: Dowsey-Limousin P. [Parkinsonian dystonia] Rev Neurol (Paris). 2003 Oct;159(10):928-931. French. 14615683 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

47: Dressler D, Bigalke H, Benecke R. Botulinum toxin type B in antibody-induced botulinum toxin type A therapy failure. J Neurol. 2003 Aug;250(8):967-9. 12928917

48: Dressler D, Benecke R. Autonomic side effects of botulinum toxin type B treatment of cervical dystonia and hyperhidrosis. Eur Neurol. 2003;49(1):34-8. 12464716

49: Dressler D, Adib Saberi F, Benecke R. Botulinum toxin type B for treatment of axillar hyperhidrosis. J Neurol. 2002 Dec;249(12):1729-32. 12529798

50: Dressler D. Dysport produces intrinsically more swallowing problems than Botox: unexpected results from a conversion factor study in cervical dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002 Nov;73(5):604; author reply 604. No abstract available. 12397170

51: Dressler D, Benecke R. [Initial experiences with clinical use of botulinum toxin type B] Nervenarzt. 2002 Feb;73(2):194-8. German. 11975099

52: Dressler D, Munchau A, Bhatia KP, Quinn NP, Bigalke H. Antibody-induced botulinum toxin therapy failure: can it be overcome by increased botulinum toxin doses? Eur Neurol. 2002;47(2):118-21. 11844901

53: Dressler D. Botulinum toxin type B: where do we stand? Eur Neurol. 2001;46(3):113-4. No abstract available. 11598327

54: Dressler D, Dirnberger G. Botulinum toxin antibody testing: comparison between the immunoprecipitation assay and the mouse diaphragm assay. Eur Neurol. 2001;45(4):257-60. 11385265

55: Dressler D. Electromyographic evaluation of cervical dystonia for planning of botulinum toxin therapy. Eur J Neurol. 2000 Nov;7(6):713-8. 11136361

56: Dressler D, Zettl U, Benecke R, Bigalke H. Can intravenous immunoglobulin improve antibody-mediated botulinum toxin therapy failure? Mov Disord. 2000 Nov;15(6):1279-81. No abstract available. 11104225

57: Dressler D, Dirnberger G, Bhatia KP, Irmer A, Quinn NP, Bigalke H, Marsden CD. Botulinum toxin antibody testing: comparison between the mouse protection assay and the mouse lethality assay. Mov Disord. 2000 Sep;15(5):973-6. 11009207

58: Dressler D, Bigalke H, Rothwell JC. The sternocleidomastoid test: an in vivo assay to investigate botulinum toxin antibody formation in humans. J Neurol. 2000 Aug;247(8):630-2. 11041331

59: Dressler D, Rothwell JC. Electromyographic quantification of the paralysing effect of botulinum toxin in the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Eur Neurol. 2000;43(1):13-6. 10798896

60: Duane DD. Cervical dystonia. Mov Disord. 2002 Jan;17(1):222-3. No abstract available. 11835474

61: Duane DD, Monroe J, Morris RE. Mycophenolate in the prevention of recurrent neutralizing botulinum toxin A antibodies in cervical dystonia. Mov Disord. 2000 Mar;15(2):365-6. No abstract available. 10752603

62: Duran E, Chacon JR. [Spasmodic torticollis and vertebral hemangioma] Rev Neurol. 2001 Jan 1-15;32(1):60-2. Spanish. 11293103

63: Durand A, Serment G. [Botulism toxin in practice] Ann Readapt Med Phys. 2003 Jul;46(6):386-8. Review. French. 12928147

64: Einecke D. [Neuromuscular blockade with botulinum toxin. From toxin to therapeutic agent] MMW Fortschr Med. 2001 May 28;143 Suppl 2:95-6. German. No abstract available. 11434276

65: Epidemiological Study of Dystonia in Europe (ESDE) Collaborative Group. A prevalence study of primary dystonia in eight European countries. J Neurol. 2000 Oct;247(10):787-92. 11127535

66: Erdal J, Ostergaard L, Fuglsang-Frederiksen A, Werdelin L, Dalager T, Sjo O, Regeur L. Long-term botulinum toxin treatment of cervical dystonia--EMG changes in injected and noninjected muscles. Clin Neurophysiol. 1999 Sep;110(9):1650-4. 10479034

67: Esper GJ, Charles PD, Davis TL, Robertson D. Adult-onset focal dystonias: presentation and treatment options. Tenn Med. 1997 Jan;90(1):18-20. 8997156

68: Figgitt DP, Noble S. Botulinum toxin B: a review of its therapeutic potential in the management of cervical dystonia. Drugs. 2002;62(4):705-22. Review. 11893235

69: Finsterer J, Fuchs I, Mamoli B. Quantitative electromyography-guided botulinum toxin treatment of cervical dystonia. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1997 Feb;20(1):42-8. 9037572

70: Ford B, Louis ED, Greene P, Fahn S. Outcome of selective ramisectomy for botulinum toxin resistant torticollis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998 Oct;65(4):472-8. 9771768

71: Fuglsang-Frederiksen A, Ostergaard L, Sjo O, Werdelin L, Winkel H. Quantitative electromyographical changes in cervical dystonia after treatment with botulinum toxin. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1998 Mar;38(2):75-9. 9553744

72: Ghosh B, Das SK. Botulinum toxin: a dreaded toxin for use in human being. J Indian Med Assoc. 2002 Oct;100(10):607-8, 610-2, 614. Review. 12452515

73: Giladi N, Meer J, Kidan H, Honigman S. Long-term remission of idiopathic cervical dystonia after treatment with botulinum toxin. Eur Neurol. 2000;44(3):144-6. 11053961

74: Glogau RG. Review of the use of botulinum toxin for hyperhidrosis and cosmetic purposes. Clin J Pain. 2002 Nov-Dec;18(6 Suppl):S191-7. Review. 12569968

75: Goncalves MR, Barbosa ER, Zambon AA, Marchiori PE. Treatment of cervical dystonia with botulinum toxin in a patient with myasthenia gravis. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 1999 Sep;57(3A):683-5. 10667297

76: Gouider-Khouja N, Turki I, Ben Hamida M, Hentati F. [Treatment of cervical dystonia with botulinum toxin] Tunis Med. 1999 Feb;77(2):101-4. French. No abstract available. 10333707

77: Grunewald RA, Yoneda Y, Shipman JM, Sagar HJ. Idiopathic focal dystonia: a disorder of muscle spindle afferent processing? Brain. 1997 Dec;120 ( Pt 12):2179-85. 9448573

78: Gundel H, Wolf A, Xidara V, Busch R, Ceballos-Baumann AO. Social phobia in spasmodic torticollis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2001 Oct;71(4):499-504. 11561034

79: Hanna PA, Jankovic J. Mouse bioassay versus Western blot assay for botulinum toxin antibodies: correlation with clinical response. Neurology. 1998 Jun;50(6):1624-9. 9633703

80: Hasegawa O, Matsumoto S, Gondo G, Arita T, Iwasawa H. [Therapeutic outcome of spasmodic torticollis] No To Shinkei. 2001 Jun;53(6):547-50. Japanese. 11436339

81: Heinen F, Wissel J, Philipsen A, Mall V, Leititis JU, Schenkel A, Stucker R, Korinthenberg R. Interventional neuropediatrics: treatment of dystonic and spastic muscular hyperactivity with botulinum toxin A. Neuropediatrics. 1997 Dec;28(6):307-13. 9453027

82: Hilker R, Schischniaschvili M, Ghaemi M, Jacobs A, Rudolf J. Health related quality of life is improved by botulinum neurotoxin type A in long term treated patients with focal dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2001 Aug;71(2):193-9. 11459891

83: Hinault P. [Contributions and limitations for botulinum toxin injections for extrapyramidal diseases] Rev Neurol (Paris). 2000 Dec;156(12):1171-7. Review. French. No abstract available. 11139738

84: Hollinger P, Burgunder J. Posttraumatic focal dystonia of the shoulder. Eur Neurol. 2000;44(3):153-5. 11053963

85: Homann CN, Wenzel K, Kriechbaum N, Suppan K, Crevenna R, Ivanic G, Dressler D. [Botulinum toxin--the dose controls the poison. A historical sketch] Nervenarzt. 2002 Jun;73(6):519-24. German. 12242998

86: Houser MK, Sheean GL, Lees AJ. Further studies using higher doses of botulinum toxin type F for torticollis resistant to botulinum toxin type A. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998 May;64(5):577-80. 9598669

87: Hsiung GY, Das SK, Ranawaya R, Lafontaine AL, Suchowersky O. Long-term efficacy of botulinum toxin A in treatment of various movement disorders over a 10-year period. Mov Disord. 2002 Nov;17(6):1288-93. 12465070

88: Islekel S, Zileli M, Zileli B. Unilateral pallidal stimulation in cervical dystonia. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 1999;72(2-4):248-52. 10853088

89: Iwamuro H, Takahashi H, Ide K, Nakauchi J, Taniguchi M. [Peri-operative treatment with botulinum A toxin prior to posterior cervical decompression in a case with cervical spondylosis caused by spasmodic torticollis secondary to cerebral palsy] No Shinkei Geka. 2003 Sep;31(9):1015-20. Japanese. 14513786

90: Jacob CI. Botulinum neurotoxin type B--a rapid wrinkle reducer. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2003 Jun;22(2):131-5. 12877232 [PubMed - in process]

91: Jankovic J, Vuong KD, Ahsan J. Comparison of efficacy and immunogenicity of original versus current botulinum toxin in cervical dystonia. Neurology. 2003 Apr 8;60(7):1186-8. 12682332

92: Kachi T. [Medical treatment of dystonia] Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2001 Dec;41(12):1181-2. Review. Japanese. 12235832

93: Kanovsky P, Streitova H, Dufek J, Znojil V, Daniel P, Rektor I. Change in lateralization of the P22/N30 cortical component of median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with cervical dystonia after successful treatment with botulinum toxin A. Mov Disord. 1998 Jan;13(1):108-17. 9452335

94: Kelm S, Gerats G, Chalkiadaki A, Hefter H. [Reduction of pain and muscle spasms by botulinum toxin A] Nervenarzt. 2001 Apr;72(4):302-6. German. 11320866

95: Kerty E. [Thought about an "expensive treatment"] Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1997 Apr 10;117(9):1335. Norwegian. No abstract available. 9182371

96: Kessler KR, Skutta M, Benecke R. Long-term treatment of cervical dystonia with botulinum toxin A: efficacy, safety, and antibody frequency. German Dystonia Study Group. J Neurol. 1999 Apr;246(4):265-74. 10367694

97: Kessler KR, Benecke R. The EBD test--a clinical test for the detection of antibodies to botulinum toxin type A. Mov Disord. 1997 Jan;12(1):95-9. 8990060

98: Klivenyi P, Vecsei L. [Clinical symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of focal dystonias] Orv Hetil. 2001 Oct 21;142(42):2293-7. Hungarian. 11760645

99: Krauss JK, Loher TJ, Pohle T, Weber S, Taub E, Barlocher CB, Burgunder JM. Pallidal deep brain stimulation in patients with cervical dystonia and severe cervical dyskinesias with cervical myelopathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002 Feb;72(2):249-56. 11796777

100: Krauss JK, Seeger W, Jankovic J. Cervical dystonia associated with tumors of the posterior fossa. Mov Disord. 1997 May;12(3):443-7. 9159745

101: Lang AM. Botulinum toxin type A therapy in chronic pain disorders. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003 Mar;84(3 Suppl 1):S69-73; quiz S74-5. Review. 12708561

102: Langlois M, Richer F, Chouinard S. New perspectives on dystonia. Can J Neurol Sci. 2003 Mar;30 Suppl 1:S34-44. Review. 12691475

103: Laubis-Herrmann U, Fries K, Topka H. Low-dose botulinum toxin-a treatment of cervical dystonia - a double-blind, randomized pilot study. Eur Neurol. 2002;47(4):214-21. 12037435

104: Lee RE, Tartell PB, Karmody CS, Hunter DD. Association of adhesive macromolecules with terminal sprouts at the neuromuscular junction after botulinum treatment. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999 Feb;120(2):255-61. 9949361

105: Lekhel H, Popov K, Anastasopoulos D, Bronstein A, Bhatia K, Marsden CD, Gresty M. Postural responses to vibration of neck muscles in patients with idiopathic torticollis. Brain. 1997 Apr;120 ( Pt 4):583-91. 9153121

106: Lew MF. Review of the FDA-approved uses of botulinum toxins, including data suggesting efficacy in pain reduction. Clin J Pain. 2002 Nov-Dec;18(6 Suppl):S142-6. Review. 12569961

107: Lew MF, Brashear A, Factor S. The safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type B in the treatment of patients with cervical dystonia: summary of three controlled clinical trials. Neurology. 2000;55(12 Suppl 5):S29-35. 11188982

108: Lew MF, Adornato BT, Duane DD, Dykstra DD, Factor SA, Massey JM, Brin MF, Jankovic J, Rodnitzky RL, Singer C, Swenson MR, Tarsy D, Murray JJ, Koller M, Wallace JD. Botulinum toxin type B: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, safety and efficacy study in cervical dystonia. Neurology. 1997 Sep;49(3):701-7. 9305326

109: LeWitt PA, Trosch RM. Idiosyncratic adverse reactions to intramuscular botulinum toxin type A injection. Mov Disord. 1997 Nov;12(6):1064-7. 9399239

110: Linazasoro Cristobal G. [Efficacy and tolerance of gabapentin in dystonia and hemifacial spasm: a pilot study] Rev Neurol. 2001 Sep 1-15;33(5):408-10. Spanish. 11727203

111: Lindeboom R, Brans JW, Aramideh M, Speelman HD, De Haan RJ. Treatment of cervical dystonia: a comparison of measures for outcome assessment. Mov Disord. 1998 Jul;13(4):706-12. 9686779

112: Lowe NJ, Yamauchi PS, Lask GP, Patnaik R, Moore D. Botulinum toxins types A and B for brow furrows: preliminary experiences with type B toxin dosing. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2002 Mar;4(1):15-8. 12079632

113: Luther BL. Congenital muscular torticollis. Orthop Nurs. 2002 May-Jun;21(3):21-7; quiz 27-9. 12101935

114: Magistris MR, Kohler A, Vingerhoets FJ. Conduction block of the ulnar nerve in cervical dystonia. Eur Neurol. 2000;44(2):117-8. No abstract available. 10965165

115: Matarasso SL. Comparison of botulinum toxin types A and B: a bilateral and double-blind randomized evaluation in the treatment of canthal rhytides. Dermatol Surg. 2003 Jan;29(1):7-13; discussion 13. 12534505

116: McLoon LK. Muscle fiber type compartmentalization and expression of an immature myosin isoform in the sternocleidomastoid muscle of rabbits and primates. J Neurol Sci. 1998;156(1):3-11. 9559980

117: Mezaki T, Matsumoto S, Sakamoto T, Mizutani K, Kaji R. [Cervical echomyography in cervical dystonia and its application to the monitoring for muscle afferent block (MAB)] Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2000 Jul;40(7):689-93. Japanese. 11186906

118: Molho ES, Feustel PJ, Factor SA. Clinical comparison of tardive and idiopathic cervical dystonia. Mov Disord. 1998 May;13(3):486-9. 9613742

119: Moller HE, Vollmer-Haase J, Wiedermann D, Schuierer G. Localized proton NMR spectroscopy in the striatum of patients with idiopathic spasmodic torticollis. Magn Reson Med. 1998 Feb;39(2):309-12. 9469715

120: Moraru E, Schnider P, Wimmer A, Wenzel T, Birner P, Griengl H, Auff E. Relation between depression and anxiety in dystonic patients: implications for clinical management. Depress Anxiety. 2002;16(3):100-3. 12415533

121: Moreau MS, Cauquil AS, Costes Salon MC. Static and dynamic balance function in spasmodic torticollis. Mov Disord. 1999 Jan;14(1):87-94. 9918349

122: Muller J, Kemmler G, Wissel J, Schneider A, Voller B, Grossmann J, Diez J, Homann N, Wenning GK, Schnider P, Poewe W; Austrian Botulinum Toxin and Dystonia Study Group. The impact of blepharospasm and cervical dystonia on health-related quality of life and depression. J Neurol. 2002 Jul;249(7):842-6. 12140667

123: Muller J, Wenning GK, Wissel J, Baldauf A, Seppi K, Brenneis C, Poewe W. Riluzole therapy in cervical dystonia. Mov Disord. 2002 Jan;17(1):198-200. 11835465

124: Muller J, Ebersbach G, Wissel J, Poewe W. Dynamic balance function in phasic cervical dystonia following Botulinum toxin therapy. Mov Disord. 2001 Sep;16(5):934-7. 11746626

125: Muller J, Wissel J, Masuhr F, Ebersbach G, Wenning GK, Poewe W. Clinical characteristics of the geste antagoniste in cervical dystonia. J Neurol. 2001 Jun;248(6):478-82. 11499637

126: Muller J, Ebersbach G, Wissel J, Brenneis C, Badry L, Poewe W. Disturbances of dynamic balance in phasic cervical dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999 Dec;67(6):807-10. 10567505

127: Munchau A, Filipovic SR, Oester-Barkey A, Quinn NP, Rothwell JC, Bhatia KP. Spontaneously changing muscular activation pattern in patients with cervical dystonia. Mov Disord. 2001 Nov;16(6):1091-7. 11748740

128: Munchau A, Good CD, McGowan S, Quinn NP, Palmer JD, Bhatia KP. Prospective study of swallowing function in patients with cervical dystonia undergoing selective peripheral denervation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2001 Jul;71(1):67-72. 11413266

129: Munchau A, Palmer JD, Dressler D, O'Sullivan JD, Tsang KL, Jahanshahi M, Quinn NP, Lees AJ, Bhatia KP. Prospective study of selective peripheral denervation for botulinum-toxin resistant patients with cervical dystonia. Brain. 2001 Apr;124(Pt 4):769-83. 11287376

130: Munchau A, Bahlke G, Allen PJ, Quinn NP, Lees AJ, Rothwell JC, Palmer JD, Bhatia KP. Polymyography combined with time-locked video recording (video EMG) for presurgical assessment of patients with cervical dystonia. Eur Neurol. 2001;45(4):222-8. 11385259

131: Munchau A, Corna S, Gresty MA, Bhatia KP, Palmer JD, Dressler D, Quinn NP, Rothwell JC, Bronstein AM. Abnormal interaction between vestibular and voluntary head control in patients with spasmodic torticollis. Brain. 2001 Jan;124(Pt 1):47-59. 11133786

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133: Naumann M, Toyka KV, Mansouri Taleghani B, Ahmadpour J, Reiners K, Bigalke H. Depletion of neutralising antibodies resensitises a secondary non-responder to botulinum A neurotoxin. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998 Dec;65(6):924-7. 9854974

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159: Schwetz BA. From the Food and Drug Administration. JAMA. 2001 Feb 14;285(6):724. No abstract available. 11176890

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174: Tarsy D. Brachial plexus neuropathy after botulinum toxin injection. Neurology. 1997 Oct;49(4):1176-7. No abstract available. 9339718

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193: Wright RA, Ahlskog JE. Focal shoulder-elevation dystonia. Mov Disord. 2000 Jul;15(4):709-13. 10928583

194: Yianni J, Bain P, Giladi N, Auca M, Gregory R, Joint C, Nandi D, Stein J, Scott R, Aziz T. Globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation for dystonic conditions: a prospective audit. Mov Disord. 2003 Apr;18(4):436-42. 12671953

195: Yin S, Stucker FJ, Nathan CA. Clinical application of botulinum toxin in otolaryngology, head and neck practice (brief review). J La State Med Soc. 2001 Feb;153(2):92-7. Review. 11261363

196: [No authors listed] Botulinum toxin for cervical dystonia. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2001 Jul 23;43(1109):63-4. No abstract available. 11468603