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Spasticity
Spasticity Bibliography Part 2 Treatment Overviews Other References Angel RW & Hoffmann WW (1963). The H-reflex in normal, spastic and rigid subjects. Arch Neurol 8: 591-596 Ashby P, Verrier M & Carleton S (1980). Vibratory inhibition of the monosynaptic reflex. Ashby O & Wiens M (1989). Reciprocal inhibition following lesions of the spinal cord in man. J Physiol. 414: 145-157 Bailey CS, Lieberman JS & Kitchell RL (1980). Response of muscle spindle primary endings to static stretch in acute and chronic spinal cats. Am J Vet Res 41: 2030-2036 Baldissera F, Hultborn H & Illert M (1981). Integration in spinal neuronal systems. In: Handbook of Physiology, sect 1. The nervous system, vol II. Motor control, part 1. Brooks VB, ed. Bethesda: American Physiological Society, pp 509-595 Barnes CD & Pompeiano O (1970). Presynaptic and postsynaptic effects in the monosynaptic reflex pathway to extensor motoneurones following vibration of synergic muscles. Arch Ital Biol 108: 259-294 Berbrayer D & Ashby P (1990). Reciprocal inhibition in cerebral palsy. Neurology 40: 653-656 Berger W, Horstmann G & Dietz V (1984). Tension development and muscle activation in the leg during gait in spastic paresis: the independence of muscle hypertonia and exaggerated stretch reflexes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 47: 1029-1033 Berthoz A & Metral S (1970). Behaviour of a muscle group subjected to a sinusoidal and trapezoidal variation of force. J Applied Physiol 29: 378-384 Buller A & Dornhorst AC (1957). The reinforcement of tendon reflexes. Lancet 2: 1260-1262 Buller AJ (1957). The ankle jerk in early hemiplegia Lancet 2: 1262-1263 Burke D (1971). The role of muscle spindle in spasticity. Thesis, University of New South Wales, Sydney. Burke D, Gillies JD & Lance JW (1970). The quadriceps stretch reflex in human spasticity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 33: 216-223 Burke D, Andrews CJ, Ashby P (1971a). Autogenic effect of static muscle stretch in spastic man. Arch Neurol. 25: 367-372 Burke D, Andrews CJ & Gillies JD (1971b). The reflex response to sinusoidal stretching in spastic man. Brain Part III 94: 455-470 Burke D, Gillies JD & Lance JW (1971). Hamstrings stretch reflex in human spasticity. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 34: 231-235 Burke D & Ashby P (1972). Are spinal ìpresynapticî inhibitory mechanisms suppressed in spasticity? J Neurol Sci 15: 321-326 Burke D, Knowles L, Andrew C & Ashby P (1972). Spasticity, decerebrate rigidity and the clasp-knife phenomenon. An experimental study in the cat. Brain 95: 31-48 Burke D & Lance JW (1973). Pathophysiology of spasticity. Studies of the reflex effects of primary and secondary spindle endings in spasticity. In: New developments in electromyography and clinical neurophysiology, JE Desmedt ed, vol.3, pp 475-495. Karger, Basel. Burke D, Hagbarth KE, Lˆfstedt L & Wallin BG (1976). The response of human spindle endings to vibration of non-contracting muscles. J Physiol (Lond) 261: 673-693 Burke D (1983). Critical examination of the case for or against fusimotor involvement in disorders of muscle tone. In: Advances in Neurology, vol 39 (Desmedt JE, ed), Raven Press, New York, 133-150 Bussel B & Pierrot-Deseilligny E (1977). Inhibition of human motoneurones, probably of Renshaw origin, elicited by an orthodromic motor discharge. J Physiol (Lond) 269: 319-339 Carpenter D, Engberg I, Funkenstein H & Lundberg A (1963). Decerebrate control of reflexes to primary afferents. Acta Physiol Scand 59: 424-437 Charcot JM (1863). LeÁons sur les maladies du systeme nerveux faites ‡ La SalpÈtriËre. Recueillies et publiÈes par Bourneville. Vol II, Paris, Delahaye, pp 276-279 Charcot JM (1873). LeÁons sur les maladies du systËme nerveux. Tome II, 1 vol. 144. Paris, Delahaye Edit., pp 276-279 Conrad B, Benecke R & Meinck HM (1985). Gait disturbances in paraspastic patients. 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In: New developments in electromyography and clinical neurophysiology, vol. 3 Desmedt JE (ed), Karger-Basel, München, 508-522 Delwaide PJ (1985). Electrophysiological testing of spastic patients: its potential usefulness and limitations. In: Delwaide PJ & Young RR (Eds), Clinical Neurophysiology in Spasticity; Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 185-203 Delwaide PJ & Oliver E (1988). Short latency autogenetic inhibition (Ib inhibition) in human spasticity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 51: 1546-1550 Delwaide PJ, Schoenen J & Maertens de Noordhout A (1991). Short latency autogenetic inhibition in patients with parkinsonian rigidity. Ann Neurol 30: 83-89 Delwaide PJ & GÈrard P (1993). Reduction of non-reciprocal (Ib) inhibition: a key factor for interpreting muscle stiffness. International Congress on stroke rehabilitation, Berlin, November 1993 Delwaide PJ (1993). Pathophysiological mechanisms of spasticity at the spinal cord level. In: Thilman AF, Burke D & Rymer WZ (Eds), Spasticity: mechanisms and management. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp 296-308. Dietrichson P (1971). Phasic ankle reflex in spasticity and Parkinsonian rigidity. The role of the fusimotor system. Acta Neurol Scand. 47: 22-51 Dietrichson P (1973). The role of the fusimotor system in spasticity and Parkinsonian rigidity. In: New developments in electromyography and clinical neurophysiology, vol 3, Desmedt JE, Ed, Karger-Basel, München, pp 496-507 Dietz V, Hillesheimer W & Freund HJ (1974). Correlation between tremor, voluntary contraction and firing pattern of motor units in Parkinsonís disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 37: 927-937 Dietz V, Quintern J & Berger W (1981). Electrophysiological studies of gait in spasticity and rigidity: evidence that altered mechanical properties of muscle contribute to hypertonia. Brain 104: 431-449 Dietz V & Berger W (1983). Normal and impaired regulation of muscle stiffness in gait: a new hypothesis about muscle hypertonia. Exp Neurol 79: 680-687 Dietz V, Ketelsen U-P, Berger W & Quintern J (1986). Motor unit involvement in spastic paresis. Relationship between leg muscle activation and histochemistry. J Neurol Sci 75: 89-103 Dietz V, Trippel M & Berger W (1991). Reflex activity and muscle tone during elbow movements in patients with spastic paresis. Ann Neurol 30: 767-779 Dindar F & Verrier M (1975). Studies of the receptor responsible for vibration-induced inhibition of monosynaptic reflexes in man. J Neurol Neurosurg & Psychiat 38: 155-160 Eccles JC, Eccles RM & Lundberg A (1957). Synaptic actions on motoneurones caused by impulses in Golgi tendon organ afferents. J Physiol (Lond) 138: 227-252 Eccles JC, Eccles RM & Magni F (1961). Central inhibitory action attributable to presynaptic depolarization produced by muscle afferent volleys. J Physiol (Lond) 159: 147-166 Eccles RM & Lundberg A (1959a). Synaptic actions in motoneurones by afferents which may evoke the flexion reflex. Arch Ital Biol 97: 199-221 Eccles RM & Lundberg A (1959b). Supraspinal control of interneurones mediating spinal reflexes. J Physiol (Lond) 147: 565-584 Eccles JC (1964). Presynaptic inhibition in the spinal cord. In: JC Eccles and JP Schadi, Eds, Progress in Brain Research, vol 12, pp 65-91. Elsevier, Amsterdam. Edstrˆm L (1970). Selective changes in the sizes of red and white muscle fibres in upper motor lesions and Parkinsonism. Neurol Sci 11: 537-550 Eisen A & Odusote K (1979). Amplitude of the F wave: a potential means of documenting spasticity. Neurology 1306-1309 Eldred E, Granit R & Merton PA (1953). Supraspinal control of the muscle spindles and its significance. J Physiol (Lond) 122: 498-523 Ellson DG & Gray FE (1948). Frequency response of human operators following a sine wave input. USAF Air Material Command, Memorandum Report MCREXD-6942N. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio. 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Evidence for changes in muscle mechanical properties and stretch reflex characteristics in spastic hemiparetic stroke. Soc Neurosci Abstr 18: 1411 Given JD, Dewald JPA & Rymer WZ (1993). Comparison of passive joint impedance in spastic hemiparetic stroke and spinal cord injured subjects with normal control subjects. Soc Neurosci Abstr 19: 554 Goldfarb I (1976). Excitation of Renshaw cells via motor neuron collaterals in acute and chronic spinal cats. Brain Res 106: 176-183 Gordon AM, Huxley AF & Julian FJ (1966). Variation in isometric tension with sarcomere length in vertebrate muscle fibres. J Physiol (Lond) 184: 170-192 Gordon J. (1991). Spinal mechanisms of motor coordination. In: Principles of neural science. 3rd ed. Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, eds. Norwalk : Appleton & Lange, pp 581-595 Gottlieb GL, Agarwal GC & Penn R (1978). Sinusoidal oscillation of the ankle as a means of evaluating the spastic patient. 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