Tics and Tourette Syndrome (TS)

Summary

Over the past decades, the understanding of the underpinnings of tics and TS has increased exponentially. Additional research is needed to fully elucidate the pathophysiology of TS, the genes responsible for tics and associated conditions, and optimal therapies. Drug trials with newer interventions are underway. The use of deep brain stimulation in the treatment of TS is in its infancy, with optimal patient populations yet to be identified. Increased awareness of tic symptoms and comorbidities, careful clarification of each individual's difficulties, and the initiation of appropriate therapy will have a significant impact on the outcome of patients with TS.