Pediatric Movement Disorders - Tremor

Etiology

Benign:
Enhanced physiologic tremor; shaking/shuddering spells (although, in some cases, these may be a precursor to essential tremor); spasmus nutans

Static (fixed) injury:
Stroke (particularly in the midbrain or cerebellum); multiple sclerosis

Degenerative:
Juvenile parkinsonism; Wilson's disease; Huntington's disease; Tay-Sachs disease

Chemical/metabolic:
Hyperthyroidism; hyper-adrenaline state (including anxiety or pheochromocytoma); hypomagnesemia; hypocalcemia; hypoglycemia; hepatic encephalopathy

Drug-induced:
Valproate; lithium; thyroid hormone; tricyclic antidepressants; stimulants (e.g., cocaine, amphetamine, caffeine, thyroxine, bronchodilators); neuroleptics; cyclosporine; toluene; mercury; thallium; amiodarone; nicotine; lead; manganese; arsenic; cyanide; naphthalene; ethanol; lindane

Other causes of tremor:
Peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar disease or malformation, psychogenic tremor, familial essential tremor